Abstract

Graves’ orbitopathy (GO), also known as Graves’ Ophthalmology or Thyroid Associated Orbitopathy, is an autoimmune inflammatory process of the orbit closely related to the disorder thyroid function. The overall incidence of thyroid eye disease is 16/100.000 cases/year in women and 2.9/100.000 cases/year in men [3]. According to statistics, GO in 25-30% of patients with Graves’ disease, some studies estimate the rate can be up to 50%, because some cases clinical manifestations are very discreet, so need the help of imaging equipment [9]. GO is not only in the hyperthyroid phase but in any stage of Graves’ disease such as hypothyroidism or hypothyroidism. Previously, GO is considered to be one of the extrathyroidal manifestation of the Graves’ disease. However, GO can be considered as a separate disease of ophthalmology with its own characteristics of pathogenesis, symptoms and treatment. Clinical manifestations of GO can vary from very mild to sight-threatening. Of these, lid retraction occurs in more than 90% of patients during the natural course of the disease, 60% of exophthalmos (unilateral or bilateral), 40% of decrease in eye motility and optic neuropathy (unilateral os bilateral) accounts for 5% [2]. There are many risk factors that influence the emergence and development  of  GO.  In  which,  there are factors that cannot be adjusted and there are factors that can be adjusted. The maintenance of euthyroidism is an important goal in the treatment of GO [11].