Abstract

Background: Ketoacidosis is one of the common medical emergencies in diabetic patients with high mortality, requiring early and aggressive diagnosis and treatment. The prevalence in the US is 4.1-8 per 1000 patients with diabetes per year. The mortality rate is 1-19%, depending on age. The cause of ketoacidosis is more common in patients with type 1 diabetes than type 2, triggered by a number of factors such as: severe infection (30-50%), discontinuation of insulin therapy (10%). mental, economic and social concerns, pregnancy under-monitored… Objective: (1) To study clinical features and prongostic factors of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. (2) To evaluate treatment for patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. Method: A cross - sectional study. Collected samples were patientswith diabetic ketoacidosis. Result: 16patients were selected.Gender: female (62.5%), male (37.5%). Age: 16-30 (18.8%), 30-45 (43.8%), 45-60 (25%), >60 (12.5%). Diabetes type 1 (56.2%), type 2 (43.8%). Trigger factors: undiagnosed (37.5%), infection (25%), dropout (18.8%), stress (6.2%). Functional symptoms: fatigue, anorexia (100%), Thirst, drinking a lot, urinating a lot (87.5%), somnolence (75%), nausea (43.8%), pain abdomen (25%). Physical symptoms: tachycardia (100%), dehydration (100%), Kusmaulbreathing (81.3%), impaired consciousness (75%), hypotension (31.3%), breath of ketones (25%). Subclinical: blood glucose (392.8±27.3mmol/l), blood pH (6.9±1.2), HCO3 (9.01±2.3mmol/l), ketonuria: 11.6± 3.2mEq/l. Complications: hypokalemia (6.3%), hypoglycemia (12.5%). Mortality rate (12.5%). Mortality rates in the group: male (16.7%), female (10%), over 60 years old (50%), under 60 years old (7.1%), type 1 (11.1%) , type 2 (13.3%), moderate acidosis (16.7%), severe (33.3%), ketonuria 3+ (18.2%), with HHS (50 %), without (7.1%), anesthesia (20%), conscious (90.9%) with p>0.05. Conclusion: Female more than male. The age group 30-45 accounts for the highest percentage. The rate of type 1 diabetes is higher than type 2 group. The main trigger factor is undiagnosed diabetes (37.5%). The main clinical symptoms are: fatigue (100%), thirst (87.5%), somnolence (75%); tachycardia (100%), dehydration (100%). Complications: hypokalemia (6.3%), hypoglycaemia (12.5%). The mortality rate is 12.5%. The difference in mortality between risk groups was not statistically significant. Recommendations: To educate patients on   treatmentadherence. To closely monitor treatment complications. To need more studies with larger sample sizes.