Abstract

Background: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been increasing in the world. Diabetes confers significantly greater maternal and fetal risk largely relatedto the degree of hyperglycemia but also related to chronic complications and comorbidities of diabetes. The risks of diabetes in pregnancy include spontaneous abortion, fetal anomalies, preeclampsia, fetal demise, macrosomia… Objectives: This study was undertaken to describe clinical characteristics, risk factors

related to GDM, preliminary results of management and treatment of GDM. Subjects and Methods: 55 patients with GDM were diagnosed at 24-28 weeks by 75-g oral glucose test. Women with GDM intervented with lifestyle modifications, blood glucose monitoring, and insulin therapy, if needed. Result: The mean age of pregnant women with gestational diabetes was 30.76 ± 4.72 years, the youngest is 22 years old, and the oldest is 41 years old. Family history of diabetes mellitus (first-degree relative) was 27.27%. History of stillbirth or miscarriage was 16.36%. Lifestyle intervention, including diet and exercise was 49.09%; Insulin therapy was 50.91%. Fasting glucose levels ≤ 5.3 mmol per L was 84.85%, one-hour postprandial ≤ 7.8 mmol per L was 85.45% and two-hour postprandial ≤ 6.7 mmol per L was 84.45%. Fetal weight ≥ 4,000 g was 5.45%. Conclusions: GDM doubles the risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. All pregnant women should be screened for GDM. The prevention of GDM and the treatment of improving pregnancy outcomes are urgently needed. Most patients with diabetes in pregnancy can be controlled with basic treatment such as insulin and lifestyle interventions