Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease resulting from the destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. There are many autoantibodies in patients with type 1 diabetes. In there, the 4 major autoantibodies are islet-cell cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ICA), glutamid acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA), islet antigen-2 antibody (IA-2A), and insulin autoantibodies (IAA). However, the quantification of IAA is no longer effective because the IAA is the most difficult to accurately measure and reproducible, especially when exogenous insulin is used. Therefore, antibodies to ZnT8 may improve the value of antibodies. Objective: To evaluate the changes in antibodies to ICA, GAD, IA-2, and ZnT8 in newly diagnosed diabetic patients. Method: Case series report on34 patients were first diagnosed from January 2019 to August 2020. Results: 34 patients (20 females and 20 males) were diagnosed at 6,2 ±4,2 years (3 days – 14 years), 9/34 patients had keto acidosis, 5 patients had obesity with BMI > 97th, 5 patients were diagnosed before 6 months of age (NDM). The patients who had obesity and NDM was negative with 4 autoantibodies. In 24 remain patients, 70.1% (17/24) had atleast 2 autoantibodies, 29.1% (7/24) had 4 autoantibodies, 12.5 % (3/24) had 3 autoantibodies, 29.1 % had 2 autoantibodies. Conclusion: Detection of pancreatic autoantibodies helps diagnose diabetes types and helps guide the treatment plan and control of diabetes.