Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or Hyperglycemia are noted in approximately 30%–40% of patients admitted with COVID- 19 infections. COVID-19 might either induce new onset diabetes or unmask previously undiagnosed diabetes, so all patients diagnosed with COVID-19 must get screening blood glucose measurement. Besides several risk factors including older age, a proinflammatory and hypercoagulable state and underlying comorbidities (hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease and obesity). Hyperglycemia ( before hospital admission, at the time of hospitalistion and during in hospital stay) are considered the most important risk factors for a severe course of COVID-19. Treatment with steroids, can have a specific negative impact on diabetes itself, leading to worsening of hyperglycemia through increased insulin resistance and reduced beta-cell secretory function. Antidiabetic drugs that can reduce inflammatory processes and achieve good glycemic control are ideal. Insulin is of special importance in managing COVID-19 patients with diabetes, especially those who have hyperglycemic emergencies or in ICU admission. These findings provide clinical evidence correlating improved glycemic control with better outcomes in diabetic patients with COVID-19 infections.