Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure (HF) are closely related: patients with diabetes have an increased risk of developing heart failure and those with heart failure are at higher risk of developing diabetes. The coexistence of DM and heart failure HF is frequent and is associated with a higher risk of hospitalization for HF and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. It has been estimated that millions of patients are affected by DM and HF, and the prevalence of both conditions has increased over time. Concomitant DM and HF confer a worse prognosis than each alone; therefore, managing DM care is critical for preventing HF. The prevalence of HF and DM and the correlated prognosis as well as provides a basic understanding of diabetic cardiomyopathy, including its pathophysiology, focusing on the relationship between DM and HF with a preserved ejection fraction and the potential aldosterone and the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists approaches for managing DM and HF. Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2Is) are an emerging class of glucose-lowering drugs, and the role of SGLT2Is in diabetic patients with HF was reviewed to establish updated and comprehensive concepts for improving optimal medical care in clinical practice.